The Swiss-brokered deal, which follows a century of hostility between the two countries, was signed late on Saturday evening, after last-minute problems delayed the ceremony.

Attending was Swiss Foreign Minister Micheline Calmy-Rey and United States Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton. The delay came after the Armenians objected to statements the Turks planned to read after signing. No statements from either side were subsequently issued.

Under the agreement, Turkey and Armenia are to establish diplomatic ties and reopen their shared border. It also calls for a panel to investigate the contentious issue of the alleged genocide of up to 1.5 million Armenians by Turks in the last days of the Ottoman empire. Turkey has always denied the genocide charge.

Turkey's neighbour Azerbaijan has already criticised the deal, saying Turkey should not have normalised ties without resolving the issue of the disputed enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, which is part of Azerbaijan but occupied by Armenia.

During the war there in 1993, Turkey closed its border with Armenia out of solidarity with Azerbaijan. Turkey responded on Sunday by saying that Armenia must withdraw from the enclave.

"Long and stony"

The route to Saturday's agreement was "long and stony," said Calmy-Rey in an interview published in the tabloid Blick on Monday. But she described the deal as a milestone towards normalising relations and said that she was happy that Swiss diplomacy had made a contribution.

Asked whether recent events – such as the arrest of director Roman Polanski in Zurich and the failure to secure the release of hostages in Libya – had shaken Switzerland's reputation abroad, she responded that Saturday's deal was not about the Swiss image but about the people in the region.

"But our mediation has also shown that Switzerland is not isolated internationally, but, on the contrary has a very good network," she said, listing the number of dignitaries that had attended the Zurich ceremony, including the Russian and French foreign ministers and the European Union's Javier Solana.

As the accord came late on Saturday, many editorials only appeared on Monday. For the Zurich-based NZZ newspaper, the deal was positive.

Triumphs

"The signing of the Turkish-Armenian protocol in Zurich is the most important and visible success for Switzerland as a broker since the Algerian accord in Evian of 1962," said an editorial, referring to the pact between France and Algeria to end the Algerian war.

There were three triumphs for Switzerland: its tight relations with the countries involved, the fact that it was accepted as a suitable mediator and its solution, which allows the countries to move a step forward to normalising relations, it added.

However the Fribourg-based La Liberté was less convinced that it has been a win-win situation and likened the deal to a birth using a forceps. The hesitation of the two sides had shown that there was still much mistrust, it added.

It said that the Zurich deal was reminiscent of the failed Oslo accords between the Israelis and the Palestinians which had shown that a framework needed political will to follow it up.

But the writer pointed out that the Armenians and Turks had at least been living side by side peacefully for some time. The Nagorno-Karabakh issue was still a thorny issue, as was shown by the latest Azerbaijan and Turkish statements. "A first cold shower for an agreement where the ink has hardly dried," found the editorial.

A game of two nations

On Monday, Armenian President Serzh Sarksyan said he would make a landmark trip to Turkey to attend a football match between the his country and Turkey on Wednesday.

Football formed part of the German-speaking Tages-Anzeiger's commentary. Written before Sarksyan's announcement was made, it said that an appearance by the Armenian president would be the next step in the historic rapprochement between the two sides.

The genocide issue was at the heart of an emotional debate. At some point, Turkey would have to face up to its past, it said, but added that the Armenians should celebrate the tightening of relations even if they had not yet received what they wanted from Turkey – namely an recognition of the alleged genocide.

Will Wednesday's game be one of two losers? wondered the newspaper. "It's in the hands of the politicians to make the game one of two winners," it said.

swissinfo.ch and agencies