Introductory Readings

Alan Makovsky, “The New Activism in Turkish Foreign Policy”, SAIS Review, (Winter-Spring 1999).

Andrew Mango, Turkey: The Challenge of a New Role (Westport, CT. Publication Year, 1994).

Aydın, Mustafa, “Determinants of Turkish Foreign Policy: Changing Patterns and Conjunctures during the Cold War”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 36, (Jan 2000), 103-139

B. Millman, “Turkish Foreign and Strategic Policy: 1934-1942”, Middle Eastern Studies, 31:3 (1995), 483-508.

Barry Rubin Kemal Kirisci, eds., Turkey in World Politics (London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001)

Clement H. Dodd, Turkish Foreign Policy: New Prospects (Cambridgeshire: Eothen Press, 1992).

Ertan Efegil, “Foreign Policy-Making in Turkey: A Legal Perspective”, Turkish Studies (Spring 2001), pp.147-60.

Mehmet Gönlübol, ‘A Short Appraisal of The Turkish Foreign Policy of the Turkish Republic, 1923-1973’, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, Vol. XIV, pp. 1-19.

F. Stephen Larrabee and Ian O. Lesser, Turkish Foreign Policy in an Age of Uncertainty (Santa Monica, California: RAND 2003).

F. Tayfur and K. Göymen, “Decision-Making in Turkish Foreign Policy: The Caspian Oil Pipeline Issue”, Middle Eastern Studies (April 2002) pp.101-22.

Hans Kramer, A Changing Turkey – The Challenge to Europe and the United States. (Brookings Institution Press, 2000).

Jacob M. Landau, Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism to Cooperation (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1995).

Kemal Kirişçi,“Uluslararası Sistemdeki Değişmeler ve Türk Dış Politikasının YeniYönelimleri”, Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, Faruk Sönmezoğlu, (der.), ( İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 1998.) ss. 393-408.

Lenore Martin and Dimitris Keridis, eds, The Future of Turkish Foreign Policy, (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2004).

Oral Sander, "Turkish Foreign Policy: Forces of Continuity and of Change", Turkish Review, Vol. 7, No. 34 (1993), p.p. 31-46.

Oran, Baskin (ed.), Türk Dış Politikası: Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar (Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2001) Vol 1 ve 2

Philip Robins, Suits and Uniforms: Turkish Foreign Policy Since the Cold War (Seattle:University of Washington Press, 2003).

Sedat Laçiner, Ideological Evolution of Turkish Foreign Policy, unpublished PhD Thesis, King’s College, University of London, 2001.

Selim Deringil, Turkish Foreign Policy During the Second World War: An Active Neutrality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).

Şaban Çalış, Foreign Policy Agenda of Turkey: Identity, Democracy and Security, (Ankara: Liberty Yayınları, 2001).

Tareq Y. Ismael and Mustafa Aydın (eds.), Turkey’s Foreign Policy in the 21^st Century. A Changing Role in World Politics (Ashgate Pub.: New York, 2003).

Haluk Ulman, ‘Türk Dış Politikasına Yön Veren Etkenler 1923-1968’ (Determinants of Turkish Foreign Policy I), Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1968, Vol.: XXIII, No. 3.

William Hale, Turkish Foreign Policy, 1774-2000 (London: Frank Cass, 2000).

Yasemin Çelik, “The Foundations of Turkish Foreign Policy”, Yasemin Çelik, Contemporary Turkish Foreign Policy, 1999, p.p. 1-25.

Foreign Policy Culture: The Ottoman and Republican Legacies

A. Macfie, “The Turkish Straits in the Second World War, 1939-45”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 25, No.2. (1989), p.p. 238-48.

Brock Millman, “Turkish Foreign and Strategic Policy 1934-1942”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3(July 1995), p.p. 483-508.

C. D. Haley, “the Desperate Ottoman: Enver Paşa and the German Empire, II”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1994), p.p. 224-251.

C. Okman, “Turkish Foreign Policy: Principles-Rules-Trends, 1814-2003”, in Turkish Foreign Policy in Post Cold War Era, (ed. Idris Bal) 2004, p.p. 5-26.

David Kushner, “Mustafa Kemal and His Period in the Eyes of the Hebrew Press and Publications in Palestine”, International Journal of Turkish Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2 (198586), p.p. 95-106.

Ekavi Atanassopoulou, “Western Defense Developments and Turkey’s Search for Security in 1948”,  Turkish Foreign Policy During the Second World War: An Active Neutrality, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Apr. 1996), p.p. 77-108.

Ellen Marie Lust-Okar, “Failure of Collaboration: Armenian Refugees in Syria”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 32, No. 1(Jan. 1996), p.p. 53-68. (Armenians during Mandate era Syria)

F. A .K. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy, Abdulhamid II and the Great Powers, 1878-1888,

(İstanbul: The ISIS Press, 1996).

Feroz Ahmad, The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics,

1908-1914, (Oxford: 1969).

Feroz Ahmad, “The Historical Background of Turkey’s Foreign Policy”, Lenore G. Martin and Dimitris Kerides (eds.), The Future of Turkish Foreign Policy (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004), p.p. 9-36.

G. Leiser, “The Turkish Air Force, 1939-1945: The Rise of a Minor Power”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 26, No. 3 (1990), p.p. 383-395.

Hasan Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman

Empire,1908-1918, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).

Helmut Mejcher, “Iraq’s External Relations, 1921-1926”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 13 (October 1977), p.p. 340-357.

Ismail Soysal, “The 1937 Saadabad Pack”, Studies on Turkish-Arab Relations, Vol. 3 (1988), p.p. 131-157.

Kamuran Gürün, “The First World War”, The Armenian File: The Myth of Innocence Exposed (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985), p.p. 186-245.

Kemal Melek, “Türk-İngiliz İlişkileri (1890--1926) ve Musul Petrolleri”, in Esat Çam ve Toktamış Ateş, Türk Dış Politikasında Sorunlar (İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 1989), p.p. 25-79.

Marian Kent, “British Policy, International Diplomacy and the Turkish Revolution”, International Journal of Turkish Studies, Vol. 3 (Winter 1985-1986), p.p. 33-51.

M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, ‘Jön Türkler ve Osmanlı’da İç-Dış Politika Bağlantısı’ (Jon Turks and the

Connection Between the Foreign and Domestic Politics in the Ottomans), in Faruk Sönmezoğlu

(ed.), Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi (The Analysis of Turkish Foreign Policy), (İstanbul: Der

Yayınları, 1994), p.p. 333-355.

Matthew S. Anderson, The Eastern Question, 1774 - 1923: A Study of International Relations,

(London: Macmillan, 1966).

Meliha Benli Altunışık and Özlem Tür, Turkey: Challenges of Continuity and Change (London: Routledge Curzon, 2005).

Metin Heper, “The Ottoman Legacy and Turkish Politics” Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Fall 2000), p.p. 63-82.

Metin Heper, “The Ottoman Legacy and Turkish Politics”, Journal of International Affairs, Vol.54, No. 1, 2000, p.p. 63-83

Mim Kemal Öke, “The Ottoman Empire, Zionism, and the Question of Palestine (1880-1908)”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 14 (August 1982), p.p. 329-341.

Peter J. Beck, “A Tedious and Perilous Controversy: Britain and the Settlement of the Mosul Dispute, 1918-1926”, Middle East Studies, Vol. 17 (April 1981), p.p. 256- 276.

Richard G. Hovannisian, “The Historical Dimensions of the Armenian Question, 1878-1923”, in

Richard G. Hovanisian, The Armenian Genocide in Perspective (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1988), p.p. 19-39.

Robert Melson, “Provocation or Nationalism: A Critical Inquiry into the Armenian Genocide of 1915”, in Richard G. Hovanisian, The Armenian Genocide in Perspective (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1988), p.p. 61-84.

Robert Olson, “The Churchill-Cox Correspondence Regarding The Creation of the State of Iraq: Consequences for British Policy Towards the Nationalist Turkish Government, 1921-1923.” International Journal of Turkish Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2 (1985/81), p.p. 121-136.

Robert Olson, “The Kurdish Rebellions of Sheikh Said(1925), Mt. Ararat(1930), and Dersim (1937-38): Their Impact on the Development of the Turkish Air Force and on Kurdish and Turkish Nationalism”, Welt des Islams, Vol. 40, No. 1(March 2000), p.p. 67-94.

Robert Olson, “The Second Time Around: British Policy Toward the Kurds from Mudros to Lausanne” and “The International Aspects of the Sheikh Said Rebellion”, in The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism 1800-1925”, Univ of Texas Pr (1991) p.p. 128-152, 205-209.

Roderic Davison, “Ottoman Diplomacy and Its Legacy”, in Carl Brown (ed.), Imperial Legacy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), 174-199.

Roger R. Trask, “Rejection of the Lausanne Treaty and Resumption of Diplomatic Relations, 1923-1927”, in The United States Response to Turkish Nationalism and Reform, 1914-1939 (Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 1971), p.p. 37- 64.

Şaban Çalış, “Pan-Turkism and Europeanism: A Note on Turkey’s ‘Pro-German Neutrality’ During the Second World War”, CAS, 16, No.1, (1997),p.p. 103-114.

Salahi R. Sonyel, “Enver Pasha and the Basmaji Movement in Central Asia”, Middle Eastern Studies. Vol.26, n.1, (1990), p.p.52-64.

Selim  Deringil, “Aspects of Continuity in Turkish Foreign Policy: Abdulhamid II and Ismet Inönü”, International Journal of Turkish Studies, Vol. 4, No.1 (1987), p.p. 39-54.

Selim Deringil, “Process of Government and the Foreign Policy Leadership”, in Turkish Foreign Policy During the Second World War: An Active Neutrality (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989), p.p. 41-57.

Selim Deringil, “The Economic Background”, in Turkish Foreign Policy During the Second World War: An Active Neutrality, p.p. 12-30.

Selim Deringil, “The Historical Conditioning of a Generation”, in Turkish Foreign Policy During the Second World War: An Active Neutrality, p.p. 58-70.

Şükrü Hanioğlu, “Notes on the Young Turks and the Freemasons, 1875- 1908”, Middle Eastern Studies. 25 (1989), p.p. 188-191

Vigen Guroian, “Collective Responsibility and official Excuse Making: The Case of the Turkish Genocide of the Armenians”, in Richard G. Hovanisian, The Armenian Genocide in Perspective (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1988), p.p. 135-152.

William Hale, “Economic Issues in Turkish Foreign Policy”, in Alan Makovsky and Sabri Sayarı (eds.), Turkey’s New World: Changing Dynamics in Turkish Foreign Policy, (Washington, DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2000), p.p.20-38.

Abdülahat Akşin, Atatürk’ün Dış Politika İlkeleri ve Diplomasisi, (Ankara: TTK, 1991).

Bülent Gökay,  A Clash of Empires: Turkey Between Russian Bolshevism and British  

Imperialism, 1918-1923, (London: Tauris, 1997).

Enver Ziya Karal,  ‘The Principles of Kemalism’ in Kazancıgil and Ozbudun (eds.) in Kazancigil,

Ali and Ergun Ozbudun (eds.), Atatürk, Founder of a Modern State, (London: Hurst&Company,

1997).

Mehmet Gönlübol ve Cem Sar, Atatürk ve Türkiye’nin Dış Politikası (1919-1938), (Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi, 1990).

Mohammad Sadiq, ‘Intellectual Origins of the Turkish National Liberation Movement’,

International Studies (New Delhi), Vol. 15, 1976, p.p. 509-529.

Oral Sander, , ‘Nationalism and Peace, The Significance of Atatürk’s Movement’, Turkish

Yearbook of International Relations, Vol. XX, 1980-1981, p.p. 245-263.

Salahi R. Sonyel, Turkish Diplomacy, 1918-1923, Mustafa Kemal and the Turkish

National Movement, (London: SAGE Publications, 1975).

Salahi R Sonyel, Atatürk -The Founder of Modern Turkey, (Ankara: Turkish Historical  Society

Printing House, 1989).

Selim Deringil, Turkish Diplomacy, 1918-1923, (London: Sage Publications, 1975).

Speros Jr.Vryonis, The Turkish State and History, Clio Meets the Grey Wolf, Second Edition,

(New York: Aristide D. Caratzas, Publishers, 1993).

Stephen F Evans, The Slow Rapprochement, Britain and Turkey in the Age of Kemal Atatürk,

1919 - 1938, (University of Hull, 1982).

Tamkoç, Metin, The Warrior Diplomats, Guardians of the National Security and

Modernization of Turkey, (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press 1976).

Türkkaya Ataöv,  ‘Turkish Foreign Policy: 1923-1938’, Turkish Yearbook of International

Relations, 1961, p.p. 103-142.

Türkkaya Ataöv, ‘The Principles of Kemalism’, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations

(TYIR), Vol. XX, 1980-1981, p.p. 19-44.

Post Second World War Era

Deniz Atiye Erden, Turkish Foreign Policy Through the United Nations, 1960-1970,

unpublished PhD thesis, (University of Massachusetts, 1974),p.p. 46-47.

Edward Weisband,  Turkish Foreign Policy, 1943-1945, Small State Diplomacy and Great

Power Politics, (Princeton University Press, 1973).

Faruk Sönmezoğlu, Türk Dış Politikası, II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan Günümüze, (İstanbul: Der, 2006).

Ferenc A.Vali,  Bridge Across the Bosphorus, The Foreign Policy of Turkey, (Baltimore and

London: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971).

George Harris,  Troubled Alliance: Turkish - American Problems in Historical Perspective,

1945 - 1971, (Washington D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1972).

Hamit Batu, ‘Turkey’s Foreign Policy’, Bulletin of the Turkish Foreign Affairs Ministry, No.

6, (March 1965), p.p. 21-25.

‘Johnson’s 1964 Letter to Inönü and the Greek Lobbying at the White House’, Turkish Yearbook

of International Relations / Milletlerarasi Münasebetler Yilligi, Vol. XVI, 1974, p.p. 45-58.

McGhee, George C., ‘Turkey Joins the West’, World Affairs, (July 1954), p.p. 617-630.

Nurhan İnce, Problems and Politics in Turkish Foreign Policy, 1960 - 1966, With Emphasis on

Turkish - United States Relations, The Cyprus Question, and the Leftist Movement,

unpublished PhD thesis,(University of Kentucky, 1974.)

Sanjian, Ara, ‘The Formulation of the Baghdad Pact’, The Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 32, No.2 (April 1996), p.p. 226-266.

Selim Deringil, Turkish Foreign Policy during the Second World War An ‘Active’Neutrality, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).

Türkkaya Ataöv, Turkish Foreign Policy, (Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları, 1965).

1980-2007 Years in Turkish Foreign Policy

Gencer Özcan and Şule Kut, En Uzun On Yıl, Türkiye’nin Güvenlik ve Dış Politika Gündeminde Doksanlı Yıllar, (İstanbul: Büke Yayınları, Mart 2000).

Graham Fuller and Ian O. Lesser, Turkey’s New Geopolitics, (Boulder: Westview Press and RAND, 1993).

Gülnur Aybet, Turkey’s Foreign Policy and Its Implications for the West: A Turkish Perspective,  (London: RUSI, 1994).

Sedat Laçiner, ‘Özal Dönemi Türk Dış Politikası’, içinde T. Göksu vd., 1980-2003 Türkiye’nin Dış, Ekonomik, Sosyal ve İdari Politikaları, (Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, 2003), p.p. 25-48.

Vojtech Mastny and R. Craig Nation (eds), Turkey between East and West, (Boulder: Westview Press, 1996).

William Hale, ‘Turkish Foreign Policy After the Cold War’, in Turkish Review of BalkanStudies, (İstanbul: ISIS, 1993).

William Hale,‘Generals and Politicians in Turkey: 1983-1990’, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, 1995, XXV, p.p. 1-20.

William Hale, Identities and Politics in Turkey, unpublished SOAS seminar Paper,( 7 October 1999).

Zeynep Dağı (Ed.), Doğu’dan Batı’ya Dış Politika, AK Partili Yıllar, (Ankara: Orion Yayınevi, 2006).

Turkish Foreign Policy During the Cold War

Alan Makovsky, “The New Activism in Turkish Foreign Policy”, SAIS Review, Winter-Spring 1999

B. Millman, “The Turkish Armed Forces on the Eve of the Second World War: The British View”, TSA Bulletin, 20:1, (1996), p.p. 38-55.

Behçet K. Yeşilbursa, “Turkey’s Participation in the Middle East Command and Its Admission to NATO”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 35, No. 4 (Oct. 1999), p.p. 70-102.

Faruk Sönmezoğlu, ‘Dünya ve Türkiye’, İktisat Dergisi, Sayı 429, Eylül 2002, p.p. 5-19.

Gencer Özkan, “Doksanlarda Türkiye’nin Ulusal Güvenlik ve Dış Politikasında Askeri Yapının Artan Etkisi”, (der), Gencer Özkan, Sule Kut, En Uzun On Yıl, 1998, p.p. 67-101.

Gencer Özkan, “Doksanlarda Türkiye’nin Ulusal Güvenlik ve Dış Politikasında Askeri Yapının Artan Etkisi”, (der), Gencer Özkan, Sule Kut, En Uzun On Yıl, 1998, p.p.67-101.

Gerassimos Karabelias, “The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in post-War Turkey”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 35, No. 4(Oct. 1999), p.p. 130-151.

Haluk Gerger, From Cold War to New World Order: Turkish Foreign Policy, (Belge Yayınları, İstanbul ,1998)

Ian O. Lesser, Bridge or Barrier: Turkey and the West After the Cold War (Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1992).

İdris Bal , Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era, (Alfa İstanbul 2005)

İdris Bal, Turkey's relations with the West and the Turkic  Republics : the Rise and Fall of the 'Turkish model', (London 2000).

Kemal Kirişçi, ‘Uluslararası sistemdeki Değişmeler ve Türk Dış Politikasının Yeni Yönelimleri’, (der), F. Sönmezoglu, Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, (Der Yayinlari, 1998, Istanbul).  p.p. 393-408.

Mustafa Aydin, “Determinants of Turkish Foreign Policy: Changing Patterns and Conjunctures during the Cold War”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 36, No: 1, (Jan 2000), p.p.103-139

Mustafa Aydın, “Determinants of Turkish Foreign Policy: Changing Patterns and Conjunctures during the Cold War”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1 (Jan. 2000), p.p. 103-139.

Oral Sander”,Yeni Bölgesel Güç Olarak Türkiye’nin Dış Politika Hedefleri”, Türk Dış Politikası Analizi, F. Sönmezoglu (der), Der Yayınları, 1994, p.p. 419-425.

Şule Kut, "Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Türk Dış Politikasının Ana  Hatları”, in Kut and Gencer Özcan (eds.), En Uzun On Yıl: Türkiye'nin Ulusal ve Dış Politika Gündeminde Doksanlı Yıllar (İstanbul: Boyut Kitapları, 1998), p.p. 45-64.

Yasemin Çelik, “Fluctuations in Cold War Foreign Policy” in Yasemin Çelik, Contemporary Turkish Foreign Policy, 1999, p.p. 46-75.

Foreign Policy Trends in the Post-Cold War Era

Berdal Aral, “Dispensing with Tradition?: Turkish Politics and International Society during the

Ozal Decade, 1983-93”, Middle Eastern Studies, (January 2001), p.p. 72-88.

Charlotte Bretherton, John Vogler, “Towards a Common Foreign and Security Policy”, Charlotte Bretherton, John Vogler, The European Union as a Global Actor, 2003, p.p. 169-196.

Gilles Dorronsoro, “The EU and Turkey”, Roland Dannreuther (ed.), European Union Foreign and Security Policy, 2004, p.p. 48-61.

Philip Robins, Suits and Uniforms: Turkish Foreign Policy Since the Cold War (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003), p.p. 136-160 and 207-238.

Sabri Sayarı, “ Turkey and the United States: Changing Dynamics of an Enduring Alliance”, Tareq Y. Ismael and Mustafa Aydın (eds.), Turkey’s Foreign Policy in the 21^st Century. A Changing Role in World Politics (Ashgate Pub.: New York, 2003)

Sabri Sayarı, “Turkey: The Changing European Security Environment and the Gulf Crisis”, The Middle East Journal, (Winter 1992), 9-21.

Sabri Sayarı, “Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Challenges of Multi Regionalism, Journal of International Affairs,Vol.54 (Fall 2000), 169-182.

Ziya Öniş, “Turkey in the Post-Cold War Era: In Search of Identity”, The Middle East Journal (Winter 1995), 48-68.